Combinatorial Effect of Multiple Abiotic Factors on Up-Regulation of Carotenoids and Lipids in Monoraphidium sp. for Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Applications

Carotenoids have attracted significant interest due to their potential use in human health and nutrition, global demand increases by 3.7% annually. Currently, synthetic carotenoids dominate the market, but possess challenges such as low antioxidant ability, issues with benefits, safety concerns. Microalgae are producers of natural extraordinary properties, although yield is often cycle. The present investigation aimed analyze effect multiple abiotic factors on enhancing algal synthesis other metabolites without affecting growth. microalgae Monoraphidium sp. were grown under altered nutrient light conditions employing RSM-CCD. optimized conditions, Nitrogen (5 g·L−1), Phosphorus +Potassium (250 mg·L−1), Sulphur (70 (137.5 µmol·m−2·S−1), resulted increased biomass (1357.36 lipid accumulation (40.28% dry biomass), (16.26 µg·mL−1) compared control conditions. total fraction consisted astaxanthin (14.8%), violaxanthin (3.61%), lutein, (45.12%), 9-cis-β carotene (7.62%), β-carotene-5,6-epoxide (24.21%). Among them, (1.32-fold), (1.19-fold), 9-cis- β (1.07-fold), (1.08-fold) content while lutein (1.32-fold) decreased significantly. improvement novel culture provides a advantage pharmaceutical nutraceutical industries.